| 3000 B. C. | Evidence of humans on Frankfurt's Domhügel (Cathedral Hill) goes back to the early neolithic period. |
| 83 A. D. | Under the Roman Emperor Domitian a settlement and a military supply base are built on the Domhügel for the Roman fortress at Nida (near Heddernheim). |
| ca. 260 | Alemannic tribes raid and occupy the settlement on the river Main. |
| from 531 | The Alemannians are replaced by the Franconians as rulers of the lower Main area, and a Franconian royal court is built on the Domhügel. |
| 794 | Franconofurd is mentioned for the first time in documents under Charlemagne. |
| 815-822 | Louis the Pious builds a prestigious royal estate on the Domhügel. |
| 852 | The imperial chapel (St. Salvator, later St. Bartholomew's) is inaugurated as the predecessor of today's cathedral. Frankfurt is the capital of the East Franconian empire, alongside Regensburg. |
| ca. 1140 | When the imperial palace becomes dilapidated, a new royal castle, called Saalhof, is built on the edge of the Domhügel. Merchants and craftsmen settle on the former royal estate. |
| 1147 | First clearly documented royal election in Frankfurt. |
| 1150 | First mention of Frankfurt trade fairs (Autumn Fair). |
| 1219 | Frederick II gives Frankfurt citizens a plot of land for the construction of a chapel (St. Leonhard's Church). In this context, the people of Frankfurt are mentioned for the first time as „citizens“. |
| 1220 | Frederick II withdraws the office of royal governor in Frankfurt. The governor is replaced by an imperial sheriff. |
| 1222 | First mention of a stone bridge across the river Main. |
| 1240 | Frederick II pledges royal protection to and from Frankfurt trade fairs. |
| 1241 | Frankfurt's Jewish community is killed in a pogrom. Jews do not return to Frankfurt again until 1255. In a tax directory Frankfurt is mentioned as the economically most significant royal city in the German empire. |
| 1254 | During the Interregnum Frankfurt joins the Association of Rhenish Towns whose members conclude a general peace treaty. |
| 1266 | For the first time documents mention not only the sheriff, who is appointed by the king, but also councillors as representatives of the citizens. |
| 1297 | A selection of Frankfurt rights and liberties is recorded by the city's sheriff, lay judges, city council and citizens in the First City Charter. |
© Helmut Nordmeyer, Translation: Hugh Beyer
